Global Business Environment
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Chapter 5 : Political Environment in Emerging Countries
Political Environment in China
Power
Centers in China
Political Environment in India
Power centers in
India
Political Environment in Brazil Power centers in Brazil
Political Environment in Russia
Power centers in Russia.
Chapter Summary
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Although China has moved from a centrally planned economy to
a market-oriented one, the political system has remained the same. The Communist
Party of China (CPC) still reigns supreme. The leaders of the CPC take the major
policy decisions that determine the future of China. The final authority rests
with the 21-member CPC politburo. Major power centers in China are:
Conservatives, Liberals, the current President Hu Jintao, the former President
Jiang Zemin, Labor, Military, and Pragmatists.
With a population over 1 billion, India is the largest democracy in the world.
It is a federal republic, consisting of 29 states and 6 union territories. The
Indian Parliament consists of two houses: Upper House or Rajya Sabha and Lower
House or Lok Sabha. 250 members are elected to the Rajya Sabha. Of the 250, 238
members represent states and union territories. |
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The President nominates the remaining 12 members. On the whole, 545 members
are elected to the Lok Sabha. The usual term of the Lok Sabha is five years.
Major power centers in India are: Congress (I) party, Bharatiya Janata
Party, Communist parties, Labor, and Military. Brazil follows a federal
system. It is organized into 26 states and a federal district. The federal
government that consists of executive, legislative, and judiciary branches
has extensive powers. The President is the head of the state.
The bicameral “Congresso Nacional” (National Congress) holds legislative
power. This body consists of a “Senado Federal” (Senate) and a "Câmara dos
Deputados" (Chamber of Deputies). The Senate consists of 81 members: three
members from every state and the federal district. 513 Deputies are elected
to the Chamber of Deputies. Some power centers in Brazil are: The current
President Luis Inacio da Silva, Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), Labor,
Liberal Front Party (PFL), Social Democratic Party (PSDB), Workers Party
(PT), and Military.
After turning into a democracy in 1991, the Russian Federation (Russia)
adopted a political system that has characteristics of both the presidential
and parliamentary forms of government. The president directly elected by the
people, is the chief executive of the state. The Prime Minister as the
leader of the government needs to have the support of the Duma. Power
centers in Russia are: the current President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin,
Business Oligarchy, Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF), and
Liberal Democratic Party (LDPR).
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Short Case Studies / Caselets