Information Technology and Systems
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Chapter 9 : Computer Networks
Basics of Computer Networks
Components of a Network
How Does a Network Work?
Computer Network Applications
Classification of Networks
Local Area Network (LAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
Wireless Networks
Peer-to-Peer and Client/Server Networks
Peer-to-Peer Network
Client/Server Network
Network Topologies
Mesh Topology
Star Topology
Bus Topology
Ring Topology
Tree Topology
Hybrid Topologies
Network Infrastructure
Network Interface Cards
Repeater
Bridge
Routers
Hubs
Switch
Network Architectures and Protocols
The OSI Reference Model
The TCP/IP Reference Model
Switching Techniques
Chapter Summary
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Computer networks can be used for various purposes. For individuals, networks
offer access to a variety of information and entertainment resources. For
companies, networks provide a powerful communication medium for employees
working at different locations.
There are several types of networks used for different purposes. Networks
are classified on the basis of transmission and scale. Based on
transmission, they are classified into point-to-point networks and broadcast
networks. Based on scale or size/area of networking, networks are mainly
classified into Local Area Networks (LANs), Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs),
and Wide Area Networks (WANs).
LANs are privately-owned networks which are used in a single building or an
office to connect various workstations and share other resources such as
printers, files, etc. MANs are a larger version of LANs and use the same
technology that LANs do. Typically, they connect users spread over various
parts of a city. A WAN connects a large geographical area, often a country
or a continent. |
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Network operating systems are divided based on whether they are peer-to-peer
or client/server networks. The important network topologies are mesh, star,
bus, ring, tree, and hybrid. The various networking and internetworking
devices are Network Interface Cards (NICs), repeaters, bridge, routers, hub
and switches.
Most networks support protocol hierarchies, with each layer providing
services to the layers above it and protecting them from the details of the
protocols used in the lower layers. The two important network protocols are
OSI and TCP/IP protocols. The different ways in which data can be
transmitted over a network are termed as switching alternatives. The various
switching alternatives available are circuit switching, message switching,
and packet switching.
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